Maryland Data Centers and Energy

Data centers are represented as one flat JSON array. The inventory combines government-verified state and permitted facilities, operator-documented commercial facilities, and named proposals. Each record says what kind of evidence establishes its status. Hardware and workflow notes are source-backed when operators or institutions publish them and explicitly labeled as inference when the public record only supports a likely use pattern. Missing energy, UPS, employment, investment, or tax-benefit values remain unknown rather than becoming zero.

Public sentiment is an evidence rating, not opinion polling: -2 means strong, sustained, site-specific opposition; -1 documented opposition; 0 mixed or unclear evidence; +1/+2 documented or strong support. A facility receives no score when the record is insufficient. Formal hearings, enacted restrictions, petitions, organizational letters, and attributable reporting outweigh unsourced social-media comments.

Power-plant capacity and locations come from final 2024 Form EIA-860 records. Production is annual net generation reported in final 2024 Form EIA-923 records. The residential price is EIA’s statewide annual average, not a household quote. County residential power estimates allocate statewide EIA residential sales by ACS occupied housing units. County total power estimates allocate statewide EIA all-sector sales by combining that residential estimate with a non-residential remainder allocated by ACS employed population, then show local power-plant generation and planned data-center additions separately. These are planning context, not utility-metered county load or coincident peak demand.

Import/export icons mark public HIFLD transmission lines that cross the official Maryland iMAP state boundary. Nearby circuits are grouped within 120 meters for legibility. The physical lines can carry power in either direction; EIA publishes Maryland’s statewide annual net interstate trade, while actual direction and megawatts for each mapped circuit are not public. The layer scales arrows using an explicitly labeled estimated allocation of statewide average net import, weighted by voltage proxy and co-located circuit count; this is a planning guess, not a metered line-flow value.

Backup-generator megawatts describe emergency nameplate capacity. They must never be presented as data-center grid demand, consumption, or production.